Pharmacy Student Self-Testing as a Predictor of Examination Performance

Objectives. To determine if student self-testing improves performance during a doctor of pharmacy course.Methods. Students were given access to online quizzes with a large pool of randomly selected questions specific to upcoming examination content. Quizzes were electronically scored immediately upon completion and students were provided corrective feedback.Results. Examination scores following implementation of the practice quizzes were significantly higher in all but the last testing period. The upper fiftieth percentile of students scored higher on both the practice quizzes and subsequent examinations in all but the fourth testing period.Conclusions. Providing pharmacy students with self-testing opportunities could increase their retention of course material and provide feedback to both students and educators regarding learning, as well as provide students with a measure of their metacognition.     

1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征一例报告及文献复习

目的总结1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征的临床特点、实验室检查、分子遗传学诊断及生酮饮食治疗疗效。方法报告1例以痫样发作为首发的1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征病例。检索国内外相关文献,共检索出明确诊断的1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征32例,进行文献复习。结果包括作者报告1例患者,共33例,男19例,女14例。临床特点:27/33例有痫样发作,发作年龄2个月至35岁之间。大多发作年龄在6个月以内。25/33例有共济失调,大多数轻中度共济失调,少部分患者共济失调影响行走及日常生活。24/33例肌张力障碍。14/33例有小头畸形。实验室检查:30/33例患者进行了脑脊液糖检查,23-56mg/dl之间,平均34.2±4.7mg/dl。脑脊液糖/血糖0.24-0.57之间,平均0.38±0.07。21/33例患者进行了红细胞摄取3-O-甲基-D-葡萄糖的能力检查,结果显示红细胞摄取3-O-甲基-D-葡萄糖的能力较正常对照下降约50%左右。29/33例进行了脑电图检查,发现痫样放电25例,表现为多灶性棘波、棘慢波。32/33例患者进行了GLUT1-DS基因SLC2A1筛查,发现12例错义突变,2例无义突变,2例插入突变,16例缺失或剪切位点突变。治疗:所有癫痫患者均进行了抗癫痫药物治疗,痫样发作均难以控制。28/33例患者(25例癫痫患者和3例发作性运动障碍)进行了生酮饮食治疗。24例癫痫患者的痫样发作完全控制,1例痫样发作明显缓解。3例发作性运动障碍明显改善。结论 1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征临床以难治性痫样发作、语言智能发育落后、脑脊液糖/血糖明显降低为特点,常规抗癫痫药物难以控制痫样发作,生酮饮食能够控制痫样发作,并对语言、认知、运动障碍均有改善作用。     

自我效能理论在护理教育中的应用及研究进展

Band ura[1]认为,人们对其能力的判断在其自我调节系统中起主要作用,并由此提出自我效能感这一概念.自我效能指人们对自己实现特定领域的行为目标所需能力的信心或信念,是人对自己是否能够成功地进行某一行为的主观判断[1].它涉及的不是技能本身,而是自己能否运用所拥有的技能去完成工作行为的自信程度[2].     

抗糖尿病药致不良反应的文献分析

目的：探讨抗糖尿病药致不良反应发生的情况,为临床合理用药服务。方法：通过中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）收集1998-2011年发表的抗糖尿病药致不良反应发生的相关文献,对不良反应发生的患者性别与年龄构成、发生时间分布、累及器官或系统、药品种类等进行汇总、分析。同时对糖尿病并发症相关药物的不良反应亦做了归纳与分析。结果：抗糖尿病药引发不良反应的年龄主要集中于51岁以上;发生时间主要集中于1d～2个月;累及器官或系统涉及全身各大系统,其中最常见的为胃肠道反应;严重不良反应主要发生于心血管系统、免疫系统、内分泌系统中,包括室性早搏、低血糖性昏迷、过敏性休克、全身剥脱性皮炎甚至死亡等。结论：糖尿病及其并发症治疗药物产生的不良反应是广泛的,有些甚至是严重的;广大临床医师及药师应对其进行密切的监测,积极推进抗糖尿病药临床合理使用。     

Errorless Learning and Spaced Retrieval Training for Clients with Alzheimer's Dementia

ABSTRACT

Clients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) may experience limitations in completing activities of daily living (ADL) due to impairments in cognition, memory, and problem-solving. These clients are often referred to occupational therapy (OT) services in order to maximize independence in ADL and decrease caregiver burden. Occupational therapists may be challenged when developing treatment interventions for clients with AD due to client deficits in memory and learning. This article explores evidence-based learning strategies—errorless learning (EL) and spaced retrieval (SR)—to improve learning and memory and OT outcomes for clients with AD. The roles of memory and learning are discussed, and EL and SR strategies are explored for clients with AD. OT intervention ideas are identified, and strategies for integrating EL and SR techniques into the OT plan of care (POC) are also discussed. Future research implications are explored for expanding evidence for EL and SR as part of the OT POC.     

The Herniated Thoracic Disc: A Review of Literature

Abstract

This literature review discusses the epidemiology and etiology of thoracic disc lesions and describes signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Data presented in case series reports published between 1985-2001 is summarized: Thoracic disc herniations are more common than previously thought. They may cause mild, moderate, severe or confusing symptoms or be asymptomatic; 49% of cases were in men and 51% in women. Trauma was a precipitating factor in 31%; multiple herniations were reported in 9%. In symptomatic cases, 57% of patients presented with radicular pain, 48% with back pain, 63% with weakness, 60% with sensory complaints, 25% with bowel or bladder symptoms, and 59% with hyperreflexia. Typical presentations of upper, middle, and lower thoracic disc are summarized. Diagnosis is made by correlating clinical signs and symptoms with the results of diagnostic imaging. Surgery is recommended for patients with progressive neurological dysfunction. Research on the efficacy of conservative treatment is lacking in the literature.     

文献检索课一体化教学与开放实习室教学研究

研究文献检索课一体化教学与开放学习室的教学模式对教学效果的影响，对采用不同授课方法两组学生的考试成绩和各项能力进行分析统计，结果表明新的教学模式能明显提高学生考试成绩和各种能力并有助于提高教师水平。     

Applicability of consumer activity monitor data in marathon events: an exploratory study

Emerging opportunities to measure individual and population-level health data with activity monitors during recreational running activities may set the stage for new research possibilities in mass participation running events and marathon medicine. This study explores the applicability of consumer activity monitor data in a preliminary study for future marathon health research with a cohort of 12 (n?=?12) participants completing a 3.379?km walking or running course. This study explored the feasibility of collecting pace and distance data from Fitbit brand consumer activity monitors, from access to user data to reporting of data characteristics and data analysis. We show that a large percentage of participant data can be successfully retrieved from Fitbit consumer activity monitor devices for analysis in marathon health research, and that identifying variations in pace across participants is a practical possibility. We note a mean absolute percentage error of 13% over the true distance of 3.379?km, a higher error than that reported by other studies. We also observe a Pearson correlation coefficient between participant variation in pace and absolute distance error of 0.61. This study provides preliminary evidence to support the applicability of consumer activity monitor data in marathon health research.